Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast.
Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. It is sparsely inhabited, with the vast majority residing south of the 55th parallel in urban areas. The country is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions.
Its border with the United States is the world's longest international land border. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's second-largest country by total area, with the world's longest coastline.
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